Author: CCW

“The seed is the word of God”

The ‘Gesima Sundays’ mark the transition from learning to living, a turn to the practice of the virtues as transformed by divine love to become the means of our participation in Christ’s work of human redemption. That will be the project of Lent, the pilgrimage of love that brings us to the book of love opened out for us to read on the cross of Good Friday. Already we are being turned towards Easter.

Today the virtues of courage and prudence are set before us in the Epistle and Gospel respectively. This focus on the classical virtues as transformed by divine love to become forms of love themselves locates the ‘Gesima Sundays’ within a larger tradition of ethical thinking. They connect to the great ethical turn in philosophy by Socrates and Plato, for instance, along with others in what has been styled the “axial age” (Karl Jaspers) and thus to the idea of philosophy as something lived, the idea of the good life.

Such ancient interests speak to our modern concerns. What is the good life? It is a pressing question in our current circumstances economically, politically, socially, environmentally, and religiously. The Christian Faith speaks to our current distresses even if nothing more than to raise the necessary ethical questions, the questions that are rooted in an understanding of the dynamic between God and Man in Jesus Christ. “I am come”, Jesus says, “that they may have life and have it more abundantly.” He doesn’t mean more and more of everything materially but spiritually and intellectually.

It means a kind of thoughtfulness in the face of the fearful thoughtlessness of our world and day. The question about the good life is the question we all face. The contemporary preoccupation with ‘wellness’ suggests  one way in which this is pursued largely through the various techniques of physical exercise and diet. At best, this might relate to the virtue of temperance, of the self-control of our appetites, in a culture of excess and addiction. Endorphin high or cannabis high? There is a difference, I suppose, which lies in the question of intention at the very least.

But in another way this points to the unlivable character of contemporary life in a global world that confronts us with enormous iniquities and inequalities on a scale of magnitude that is scarcely imaginable. It signals the loss of a way of understanding that belongs to the mediating institutions, such as schools and churches, between the leviathan of modern governments and the behemoth of multinational corporations. As governed by technocratic reason, they are profoundly anti-life and effectively reduce us to passive little technobots, mere cogs in a machine ruled by technocrats. The levelling nature of this form of thinking has no respect for the organisations and institutions that once contributed to the social and spiritual well-being of our communal lives, let alone the ethical and spiritual principles which animate such institutions.

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“Go ye also into the vineyard”

“My beloved had a vineyard”, Isaiah says, in a remarkable passage of triple reflexivity. “Let me sing for my beloved a love song concerning his vineyard: My beloved had a vineyard”. The prophet sings a song about God’s love, the beloved who in turn loves us. The vineyard of creation is the place of our being loved. How have we responded? “He looked for it to yield grapes but it yielded wild grapes”.

Isaiah captures the human dilemma. We are created in the image of God, as Genesis 1 reminds us in the first lesson at Matins every year on Septuagesima Sunday. We are also made out of the dust of the ground into which God breathes his spirit. In other words, the early chapters of Genesis remind us of two essential things: our connection to every other created thing, from dirt to angels, as it were, and our relation to God in whose image we are made. Genesis 1 places our humanity in the context of the whole order of creation. Creation is about nothing more than a relation to a Creator, which is to say that we are part of an intelligible order of reality. But what is the dilemma which Isaiah highlights? It is our turning away from the order and purpose of creation to pursue our own interests. As with Genesis, that reveals a contradiction within ourselves and with reality. The intelligibility of creation is all about the wisdom of God over against the folly of our humanity.

Yet our folly does not negate the truth of the vineyard, itself an image of creation and of the proper form of engagement with the natural world. But what is the purpose of creation? Lynn White’s 1967 paper, ‘The Historical Roots of our Ecological Crisis’, claims that it is “the Christian axiom that nature has no reason for existence save to serve man”. This has played a major role in blaming Christianity for the environmental and ecological catastrophes of our times. But is that the Christian teaching? He was right to note, as Alistair McGrath observes, the importance of religion in relation to ecology.

There is a long and rich tradition of reflection within the religious and philosophical traditions about our relation to nature. But to suppose that creation exists simply for us really reveals more about the impulses of our utilitarian and technocratic world which attempts to reduce the world to our interests and pursuits, in short, to technological domination. It results in the endless and often thoughtless manipulation of nature and ourselves which destroys both. This is the opposite of what Genesis means by God giving man “dominion over the fish of the sea and over the birds of the air and over every living thing that moves upon the earth” which can only mean in the context of Genesis acting in the image of the Dominus, the Lord, in terms of care and respect for the whole created order. To view dominion as license for humans to manipulate and destroy is a serious misreading of the story and one which is profoundly false to Christian theology in its history and in its various forms of reflection on creation and nature.

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