Saint John the Evangelist

The collect for today, the Feast of St. John the Evangelist, from The Book of Common Prayer (Canadian, 1962):

MERCIFUL Lord, we beseech thee to cast thy bright beams of light upon thy Church, that it being enlightened by the doctrine of thy blessed Apostle and Evangelist Saint John may so walk in the light of thy truth, that it may at length attain to the light of everlasting life; through Jesus Christ our Lord. Amen.

The Epistle: 1 St. John 1:1-5
The Gospel: St. John 21:19-25

Sisto Badalocchio, St. John the EvangelistJohn and his brother James (St. James the Greater) were Galilean fishermen and sons of Zebedee. Jesus called the two brothers Boanerges (“sons of thunder”), apparently because of their zealous character; for example, they wanted to call down fire from heaven on the inhospitable Samaritans. John and James, together with Peter, belonged to the inner group of the apostles who witnessed the Transfiguration and the agony in Gethsemane. It was John and Peter whom Jesus sent to prepare the final Passover meal.

In the lists of disciples, John always appears among the first four, but usually after his brother, which may indicate that John was the younger of the two.

According to ancient church tradition, St. John the Evangelist was the author of the New Testament documents that bear his name: the fourth gospel, the three epistles of John, and Revelation. John’s name is not mentioned in the fourth gospel (but 21:2 refers to “the sons of Zebedee”), but he is usually if not always identified as the beloved disciple. It is also generally believed that John was the “other disciple” who, with Peter, followed Jesus after his arrest. John was the only disciple at the foot of the cross and was entrusted by Christ with the care of his mother Mary.

After Christ’s resurrection and ascension, John, together with Peter, took a leading role in the formation and guidance of the early church. John was present when Peter healed the lame beggar, following which both apostles were arrested. After reports reached Jerusalem that Samaria was receiving the word of God, the apostles sent Peter and John to visit the new Samaritan converts. Presumably, John was at the Jerusalem Council (Acts 15). He is not mentioned later in the Acts of the Apostles, so he appears to have left Palestine.

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Sermon for the Feast of St. Stephen

“Lord, lay not this sin to their charge”

The readings for the Feast of Stephen are in stark contrast, it might seem, to the feelings of good will and good cheer associated with Christmas. How strange that the wonder of Christmas night and Christmas morn should be followed by the stoning of Stephen as recorded in Acts and by the dire words of Jesus about “kill[ing] the prophets, and ston[ing] them which are sent unto you”? Images of stark and disturbing violence. How is this good news, we might ask? How to reconcile this with the Christmas messages of peace on earth and good will toward men? And yet, the Gospel insists that these things are really all a blessing.

“Blessed is he that cometh in the Name of the Lord”. The three holy days of Christmas illuminate the radical meaning of Christ’s birth. It is not about ignoring and denying the realities of sin and evil, the realities of the cruel suffering inflicted by humans upon humans. Rather what we see is what is proclaimed in carol and song: “Christ was born for this!” Born for what? Born to bring redemption and healing to a broken world, born to suffer and die that we might have life in him.

In a profound sense, St. Stephen’s Day illustrates the meaning of the Christmas anthem from 1st John. “In this was manifested the love of God toward us, because that God sent his only-begotten Son into the world that we might live through him”. The love of God means loving your enemies and blessing those that persecute you. Such is the radical nature of divine love which alone transcends the divisions and animosities of our hearts and world in disarray.

Stephen is the proto-martyr, the archetype of Christian witness, not simply by being killed, but by the spirit in him by which he faces death. Another lives in him, we might say, and that other is Christ. Christmas is really about our lives as lived in the love of God; God with us and we with God, we in him and he in us. That sense of co-inherence and mutual indwelling establishes an entirely different perspective on how we think about the darkness and evil of our souls and our world. Stephen’s words deliberately echo Christ’s words on the Cross, the words of forgiveness. Those are the words of love conveyed towards us as sinners which in turn shape our words towards those who seek our harm.

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Saint Stephen the Martyr

The collect for today, the Feast of St. Stephen, Deacon and Martyr, from The Book of Common Prayer (Canadian, 1962):

GRANT, O Lord, that in all our sufferings here upon earth, for the testimony of thy truth, we may stedfastly look up to heaven, and by faith behold the glory that shall be revealed; and, being filled with the Holy Spirit, may learn to love and bless our persecutors, by the example of thy first Martyr Saint Stephen, who prayed for his murderers to thee, O blessed Jesus, who standest at the right hand of God to succour all those that suffer for thee, our only Mediator and Advocate. Amen.

The Lesson: Acts 7:55-60
The Gospel: St. Matthew 23:34-39

Domenico Gargiulo, The Martyrdom of St. StephenAll that is known of St. Stephen’s life is found in the Acts of the Apostles, chapters 6 and 7. He is reckoned as the first Christian martyr–the proto-martyr. Although his name is Greek for “crown”, he was a Jew by birth; he would have been born outside Palestine and raised as a Greek-speaking Jew. The New Testament does not record the circumstances of his conversion to Christianity.

Stephen first appears as one of the seven deacons chosen in response to protests by Hellenist (Greek-speaking) Christians that their widows were being neglected in the distribution of alms. The apostles were too busy preaching the word of God to deal with this problem, so they commissioned seven men from among the Hellenists “of good repute, full of the Spirit and of wisdom”, then prayed and laid hands on them. Stephen, the first among the seven, is described as “full of faith and of the Holy Spirit”. A few verses later, Stephen is said to be “full of grace and power [and] doing great wonders and signs among the people”.

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Sermon for Christmas Morn

“Fear not, for, behold, I bring you good tidings of great joy,
which shall be to all people”

It is really all about what we behold. And what we behold is what has been given to us. “Love is in the nature of a first gift through which all gifts are given,” the great Medieval theologian, Thomas Aquinas notes. His words capture something of the wonder and the mystery of the Christian celebration of Christmas but extend as well to the sense of the awesome mystery of life that belongs to the other great religions and philosophies of the world. It is about the awareness of what is greater than ourselves.

One of the passages of Scripture which always catches my imagination at Christmas is from the Wisdom of Solomon. “When all things were in quiet silence and the night was in the midst of her swift course, then thy almighty word leapt down from heaven, from thy royal throne” (Wisdom 18.14-15). It awakens us thoughtfully and prayerfully to the presence of the wisdom of God in the world, an image that counters so much of the hype and busyness of this time of the year in our distracted and now much divided and hostile world. While in its context in Wisdom, “thy almighty word” leaping down from heaven refers to a “stern warrior”, it has become associated with the gentleness of wisdom embodied in the Incarnate Christ at Christmas, the Word made flesh. The gift of God’s own givenness.

This sense of “the givenness of things”, to borrow a phrase from the American novelist and theologian, Marilynne Robinson, is part of the greater wonder and mystery of Christmas, part of the greater wonder and mystery of the wisdom of the ages. The simple givenness of things in which we find wonder and delight stands in contrast to the idea of life as simply that into which we have been thrown, the ‘thrownness’ of things, as it were, in which we find only alienation and despair, a sense of nihilism. It also stands in contrast to the contemporary illusions of the radically autonomous self, freed to its own projects and interests to be whatever it chooses to be regardless of the givenness of things in creation; in short, as if we were self-complete. But this is all a lie and a delusion. It is equally nihilistic.

The simple givenness of things is about life as a gift, about life as light and love. The simple givenness of things is the love through which all other gifts are given.

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The Nativity of Our Lord

The collect for today, the Nativity of our Lord, or the Birth-day of Christ, commonly called Christmas Day, from The Book of Common Prayer (Canadian, 1962):

ALMIGHTY God, who hast given us thy only begotten Son to take our nature upon him, and as at this time to be born of a pure Virgin: Grant that we being regenerate, and made thy children by adoption and grace, may daily be renewed by thy Holy Spirit; through the same our Lord Jesus Christ, who liveth and reigneth with thee and the same Spirit, ever one God, world without end. Amen.

The Epistle: Hebrews 1:1-12
The Gospel: St. John 1:1-14

Le Nain Brothers, Adoration of the ShepherdsArtwork: The Le Nain Brothers (Antoine Le Nain, Louis Le Nain, & Mathieu Le Nain), Adoration of the Shepherds, c. 1640. Oil on canvas, National Gallery, London.

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Sermon for Christmas Eve

“And the Word was made flesh, and dwelt among us”

“Love is in the nature of a first gift through which all other gifts are given”, Thomas Aquinas remarks. Christmas makes that gift visible in Christ’s holy birth. What it means is captured in the great Christmas Gospel that builds on the thundering words of Hebrews. Jesus Christ is the Word made flesh. There is really nothing very cutesy and cuddly about that statement though it belongs to the radical nature of God’s engagement with our humanity. God with us, Emmanuel, in the simple and lowly humanity of Jesus, means God’s embrace of the human condition in all of its forms. Such is the divinum mysterium. God becomes man without ceasing to be God. That is the gift that changes everything. It is everything. God does not change but everything changes for us. Jesus is both God and Man yet one Christ, “not by conversion of the Godhead into flesh”, thus being collapsed into the world and ceasing to be God, “but by taking of Manhood into God”, as the Athanasian Creed puts it. Everything changes for us.

But what does it mean to celebrate Christmas in a post-Christian and post-secular world? Simply this, to ponder the mystery of the Christmas gift of God himself. No greater antidote to the myths and misconceptions about the Church, about the Christian Faith itself, and about our current angst and unease in the myths about culture and identity. Christianity, Judaism and Islam are all religions of the Word albeit in different registers of emphasis and meaning. Christianity is the religion of the Word made flesh. That highlights the order and unity of the intellectual and the sensual. Christ is the Word made flesh. He is the Father’s Son and Word “incarnate by the Holy Ghost of the Virgin Mary,” and “made man”, as the Creed puts it.

The challenge is to think and feel this mystery, the mystery of God, on the one hand, and the mystery of God with us, on the other hand, in the intimacy and wonder of Christ’s birth. To think and feel. To feel the thought, the intimate association of intellect and sensibility.

Christmas is not simply about the narrative story of Christ’s birth so familiar to you in carol and song, and in the various crèche scenes of Bethlehem that traditionally belong to the cultural landscape of Christmas. Such things all belong to the greater mystery to which they point us. Christmas Eve goes to the heart of the matter without which everything else is but tinsel and wrap. The great lesson from Hebrews sums up the pageant of law and prophecy in God’s eternal Word and Son while the great Christmas Gospel highlights that God’s Word and Son is “the Word made flesh … dwell[ing] among us”. The wonder of this holy night is what we behold, “the glory as of the only-begotten of the Father, full of grace and truth”.

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Christmas Eve

The collect for today, Christmas Eve (source):

Almighty God,
who makest us glad with the yearly remembrance
of the birth of thy only Son Jesus Christ:
grant that, as we joyfully receive him as our redeemer,
so we may with sure confidence behold him
when he shall come to be our judge;
who liveth and reigneth with thee
in the unity of the Holy Spirit,
one God, now and for ever.

The Epistle: Titus 2:11-15
The Gospel: St. Luke 2:1-14

Carlo Maratta, The Holy Night

Christmas Eve
(a poem by Christina Georgina Rossetti)

Christmas hath darkness
Brighter than the blazing noon,
Christmas hath a chillness
Warmer than the heat of June,
Christmas hath a beauty
Lovelier than the world can show:
For Christmas bringeth Jesus,
Brought for us so low.

Earth, strike up your music,
Birds that sing and bells that ring;
Heaven hath answering music
For all Angels soon to sing:
Earth, put on your whitest
Bridal robe of spotless snow:
For Christmas bringeth Jesus,
Brought for us so low.

Artwork: Carlo Maratta, The Holy Night, 1655. Oil on canvas, Gemäldegalerie, Dresden.

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Sermon for the Feast of St. Thomas

“My Lord, and My God”

Thomas, called in the Scriptures, Didymus, is more commonly known as “doubting Thomas”. He is the apostolic Advent saint, par excellence, since his commemoration always falls in late Advent, indeed, close to the winter solstice, the darkest time of nature’s year, and the longest night. Yet there is a wonderful paradox. Somehow, through Thomas’ doubting or questioning, we are, as Thomas Aquinas puts it, provided with a greater confirmation of faith. The Collect picks up on that sensibility and understanding.

Advent is the season of questions. The story of Thomas belongs to the accounts of the Resurrection and to the struggles of the disciples about the meaning of Christ as Lord and God. Thomas was not present with the other disciples huddled in fear behind closed doors on the evening of the day of Easter when Jesus revealed himself to them. Thomas has heard from them about what they saw and heard “but he said unto them, Except I shall see in his hands the print of the nails, and put my finger into his side, I will not believe”. He seems to be insisting on the reality of Christ’s bodily existence. “Eight days later, [the[ disciples were within and Thomas with them, then came Jesus, the doors being shut, and stood in the midst”.

The marvel of this account is that it is preceded by Jesus’ encounter with Mary Magdalene whom he commands noli me tangere, “touch me not”! Here Jesus bids Thomas to do the exact opposite, namely, to touch and see, specifically with respect to the wounds of his crucifixion. In a way it is a testimony to the bodily reality of the Incarnate Christ and to his Resurrection. Once again, we are reminded of the inescapable connection between Christmas and Easter.

In that sense his feast day belongs to the last days of Advent in the near approach to Christmas, to the birth of Christ, to the Word made flesh. That Jesus says one thing to Mary Magdalene and another to Thomas in the same chapter of John’s Gospel recognizes the different forms of human knowing. He speaks to each according to the capacity of the beholder to behold, we might say. His doubting is really his questioning about the nature of God’s engagement with our humanity. Theologically, it is a telling rebuke to what will become one of the earliest heresies, Docetism, which denied that God could become human, denying the engagement of spirit and matter, of God and man, seeing that as unworthy of God thus maintaining the complete separation of both.

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Saint Thomas the Apostle

The collect for today, the Feast of Saint Thomas the Apostle, from The Book of Common Prayer (Canadian, 1962):

ALMIGHTY and everliving God, who for the more confirmation of the faith didst suffer thy holy Apostle Thomas to be doubtful in thy Son’s resurrection: Grant us so perfectly, and without all doubt, to believe in thy Son Jesus Christ, that our faith in thy sight may never be reproved. Hear us, O Lord, through the same Jesus Christ, to whom, with thee and the Holy Spirit, be all honour and glory, now and for evermore. Amen.

The Epistle: Ephesians 2:19-22
The Gospel: St. John 20:24-29

Matthias Stom, Incredulity of St. ThomasSt. Thomas’s name is believed to come from an Aramaic word meaning twin, but it is not known whose twin he was. He is included in all the lists of the twelve apostles, but he is mentioned most often in St. John’s Gospel, where he is called “Didymus” (“twin” in Greek) three times (11:16; 20:24; 21:2).

St. Thomas appears to have been an impulsive man. He says he is prepared to go with Jesus to the tomb of Lazarus even if it means death (John 11:16). At the Last Supper, however, he confesses his ignorance about where Jesus is going and the way there (John 14:5). In response, Christ said, “I am the way, and the truth, and the life. No one comes to the Father except through me.”

After the resurrection, Thomas was unwilling to believe his fellow disciples that Jesus had risen from the dead (John 20:24). He would not believe, he declared, unless he actually touched the wounds. Eight days later, Jesus gave “Doubting Thomas” the evidence he had asked for, whereupon Thomas confessed him, “My Lord and my God!” Jesus then pronounces a blessing on all who have not seen and yet believe.

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