Month: December 2017

“For unto you is born this day in the city of David,
a Saviour which is Christ the Lord.”

It is an intellectual challenge that I sometimes like to set for myself, namely, to take a phrase from Scripture and see if one could tease out from that one phrase the essential teachings of the Christian Faith. Crazy, I know, but it means giving serious consideration to the words of Scripture and to what can be found in them, realizing just how much is revealed or at least suggested in them. There is, of course, the obvious problem that such an exercise probably means reading a whole lot more into things than what is there; the problem of isogesis rather than exegesis.

But in the ‘alt fact’ or ‘post-fact world,’ there is the need to pay close attention to interpretation. There are no facts independent of interpretation, even to say what the facts are involves interpretation as to why something is a fact that matters and to what extent. There are lots of ‘facts’ that are merely incidental and in a way meaningless. Despite the claims that are sometimes made by some physicists and some atheist philosophers, we don’t and can’t live in a purely random world of contingency. If everything is contingent, meaning that everything could be other than what it is, then logically there could be nothing. “Nothing is but what is not,” after all, as Shakespeare intuited! Interestingly, he was talking about the nature of evil.

Yet, as Averroes and Aquinas knew, the very idea of contingency requires the existence of the necessary, a necessary principle of being. Aquinas puts the argument in the most extreme case: if all is contingent, then everything potentially could not be therefore there would be nothing at all and if so, then no way for anything to come to be unless there was a principle which necessarily exists and cannot not exist. In short, there can be no contingency without necessity. Contingency in the finite world depends utterly upon a necessarily existent first principle which we call God.

What has any of this curious speculation have to do with Christmas? “For unto you is born this day in the city of David, a Saviour which is Christ the Lord.” A powerful phrase that illumines the great mystery of Christmas, it captures the sense of wonder and excitement of the infancy narrative of Luke, the quintessential Christmas story, full of details and apparent facts. It is a familiar story and scene which has moved the imaginations of poets and artists throughout the centuries. Its images are still deeply embedded in the psyche of our contemporary culture.

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“And the Word was made flesh, and dwelt among us”

Christmas challenges all the absurd certainties of our worried and weary world, a worried and wearied world, perhaps, because we are too much “assured of certain certainties” and only too “impatient to assume the world” (T.S. Eliot, Preludes). A virgin and a mother, a child who is God, a night that is eternal day, the Word and Idea of God made flesh, God with us and towards us and for us without ceasing to be what He is in himself – God. These are surely the ideas that challenge us. Christmas speaks powerfully to all our fears and worries, to the anxieties which arise from the absurd certainties and arrogance of the vanities of our reason when left to “the devices and desires of our own hearts.” It challenges all of the absurdities of power and domination in a world of violence and destruction, a worried and weary world, indeed.

“O weary, weary were the world / But here is all aright,” as G.K. Chesterton’s lovely poem, A Christmas Carol, puts it. Christmas proclaims the redemption of our humanity in all of its fullness, the redemption of our hearts and minds, of our souls and bodies. It is all found in God. That we might know this wonder and mystery, we have the wonder and mystery of God with us, Emmanuel. “The Christ-child lay on Mary’s heart, / His hair was like a fire./ (O weary, weary were the world,/ But here the world’s desire.)”

No doubt, it may seem de trop, all too much. And there have even been times when Christmas was banned by Christians, particularly those of a Puritan persuasion, not simply because people seemed to be having too much fun (and we can’t have that, can we?!), but because all of the images that came to surround the celebration seemed to be idolatry, mistaking God himself for the things which God has made, confusing the Creator with the Created. Christmas seemed to be mere superstition, “painted-over paganism” and anti-religious, a betrayal of the holy.

The first Book of Common Prayer (1549), too, was mocked as being “but like a Christmas game” by traditionalists, particularly in Cornwall, who wanted to retain the mystery of the Latin Liturgy and a sense of the holy as mysterious and incomprehensible. The association of the English liturgy with “a Christmas game” suggests something frivolous and not serious, something not really real. How to think the mystery of Christmas, it appears, is not a new challenge; it is the challenge for every age.

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“Behold the Lamb of God, which taketh away the sin of the world”

We have come full circle from The Sunday Next Before Advent to The Fourth Sunday in Advent and indeed, largely by way of John’s Gospel. With the repeated acclamation by John the Baptist about Jesus as “the Lamb of God,” the Advent themes of expectation and longing for the redemption of our humanity reach a crescendo of intensity and excitement.

Today’s Gospel is known as “the record or the witness of John” and it presents a parade of questions and counter-claims about John the Baptist and the Christ. The repeated question about “Who art thou?” being asked of John is turned to the one who comes even on “the next day.” This year the very next day is Christmas Day.

It is a rich collection of images and ideas that this Sunday presents for us to ponder. “There was evening and there was morning, one day” we read in the Genesis story of creation. So now, too, it seems. Sunday for Christians is the Sabbath day because of the Resurrection of Christ, a day to ponder the mysteries of God in creation and redemption. Today is the last Sunday of Advent heralding the wonder of Christ’s nativity and yet today is also Christmas Eve. The next day is Christmas itself. All of the themes of the Advent are concentrated in the intensity of the questions belonging to the witness of John and are concluded in his statement, “Behold the Lamb of God, which taketh away the sin of the world.” The intensity of the questions in the Gospel are complemented by the note of expectation and joy in the Epistle reading with its strong exhortation to rejoice, for “the Lord is at hand.”

“The Lord is at hand” means that God is with us, our Emmanuel, in the one who comes after John, the one who is worthy, it seems, of our attention and acknowledgement. We contemplate the mystery of God in Christ Jesus in whom alone we find peace. “The peace of God, which passeth all understanding, shall keep your hearts and minds through Christ Jesus.” Christmas is not a game, a human invention, a figment of our imagination. No. It is about the wonder of God’s engagement with our humanity opening us out to peace and joy and love and hope. It passes human knowing because it is fundamentally about the motions of God coming to us in the humanity of Jesus. It does not negate the activity of our reasoning but gathers it into something more than all of the machinations and manipulations of an instrumental reason which seeks only to dominate and destroy.

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“My Lord and my God”

The cycle of the Saints’ Day celebrations illumine the seasons of the Church year. Andrew heralds the Advent and inaugurates the tradition of Christian discipleship of bringing others to Christ, in his case, initially Simon Peter. Other figures, too, such as John the Baptist and Mary, belong to the theological landscape of Advent, the one preparing the way by repentance, the other as the chosen vessel of Christ’s Incarnation. What, then, about Thomas, the Saint of the Advent, too, it seems? His feast day falls so close to the winter solstice, the darkest day and longest night, and so close to Christ’s nativity. Two things, perhaps. His feast marks the intensity of the inwardness of the Advent of Christ and grounds Advent and Christmas in the mysteries of the crucifixion and the resurrection without which they have no meaning.

The Epistle reading from Ephesians not only recalls the apostolic foundation of the Church but also our Christian vocation through that foundation to be “an habitation of God through the Spirit,” even as Christ is the Divine Word who dwelt among us, Mary being the “habitaculum dei,” the little habitation of God for us, as the Fathers put it. But it is the Gospel that especially arrests our attention. It is the story of so-called “doubting Thomas,” the Thomas who was not with the other disciples on the evening of the Resurrection when Christ appeared to them “behind closed doors,” the Thomas who hearing about Christ’s appearing said he would not believe “except I shall see in his hands the print of the nails, and put my finger into the print of the nails, and thrust my hand into his side.” Not just seeing as believing, it seems, but touching is required as well.

The story already anticipates and belongs to the refutation of what will be the earliest heresy known as docetism. The distinction between spirit and matter, between God and the world, between God and man is held absolutely and in a dualist manner. Spirit is good, and matter is evil and in its various gnostic forms, salvation is about the liberation of spirit from matter in which it is trapped. There is, in other words, no redemption of the natural world, no redemption of our humanity, only a “beam me up, Scotty” kind of Star Trek view of salvation which denies the integrity of the material world empirically speaking. From such a view, the Incarnation of God is impossible and an affront to the Divine nature. Christ’s crucifixion and resurrection can only be a kind of play, a mere seeming; in short, a sham. And, by extension, the virgin birth must be false. Contrary to the wonderful words of the Te Deum, God would have abhorred the Virgin’s womb!

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