Leo the Great, Doctor and Bishop

The collect for today, the Feast of St. Leo the Great (c. 400-461), Bishop of Rome, Teacher of the Faith (source):

O God our Father,
who madest thy servant Leo strong in the defence of the faith:
we humbly beseech thee
so to fill thy Church with the spirit of truth
that, being guided by humility and governed by love,
she may prevail against the powers of evil;
through Jesus Christ thy Son our Lord,
who liveth and reigneth with thee,
in the unity of the Holy Spirit,
one God, now and for ever.

The Epistle: 2 Timothy 1:6-14
The Gospel: St. Matthew 5:13-19

Raphael, Meeting between Leo the Great and AttilaLeo is believed to have been born in Tuscany and served as a deacon and papal advisor before being chosen pope in 440. He is one of the most important popes of the early church because of his achievements in theology, canon law, and church administration.

Leo defended uniformity in church government and doctrine and bolstered the primacy of the Roman see in the church structure. In his letters and sermons, he argued that, as heir to St. Peter, the bishop of Rome holds a supreme authority over the church and all other bishops. This was not universally accepted during Leo’s papacy, but it strongly influenced the future course of the church.

His greatest accomplishment was as a theologian. When the Council of Chalcedon was convened in 451, Leo wrote a Tome to Bishop Flavian of Constantinople that contained a clear and cogent statement of the dual nature of Jesus Christ. He described Christ’s two natures, divine and human, as permanently united “unconfusedly, unchangeably, undivisibly, and inseparably”. When Leo’s letter was read aloud at the Council, the delegates cried, “Peter has spoken through Leo”, and his teaching was accepted as defining the doctrine of the Person of Christ.

Twice during Leo’s pontificate, Rome came under threat from barbarian invaders. In 452, Attila and his Huns advanced on Rome after sacking Milan, but Leo saved the city by persuading Attila to accept tribute and withdraw. In 455, however, he was not as successful dealing with Genseric, leader of the Vandals. Leo did persuade the Vandals not to destroy Rome and murder the populace, but they plundered the city for a fortnight and took prisoners to Africa. Leo sent priests and alms to the captives.

Leo was the first pope to be buried in St. Peter’s Basilica.

Artwork: Raphael, The Meeting between Leo the Great and Attila, 1514. Fresco, Stanze di Raffaello (Raphael’s Rooms), Vatican Museums.

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The Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin Mary

The collect for today, The Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin Mary, from The Book of Common Prayer (Canada, 1962):

WE beseech thee, O Lord, pour thy grace into our hearts; that, as we have known the incarnation of thy Son Jesus Christ by the message of an angel, so by his cross and passion we may be brought unto the glory of his resurrection; through the same Jesus Christ our Lord. Amen.

The Lesson: Isaiah 7:10-15
The Gospel: St. Luke 1:26-38

Fra Filippo Lippi, Annunciation (Martelli Annunciation)Artwork: Fra Filippo Lippi, Annunciation (Martelli Annunciation), c. 1440. Tempera on wood, Martelli Chapel, Basilica di San Lorenzo, Florence.

(This commemoration is transferred from 25 March.)

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Sermon for the Octave Day of Easter

“This is the witness, that God hath given to us eternal life; and this life is in his Son”

“The same day,” John tells us. What same day? The same day as Easter. It is as if time has slowed, as if we are simply in the moment and meaning of Easter Day. The same day but “at evening”; “there was evening and there was morning, one day,” Genesis tells us about the wonder of creation. Here is the greater wonder of redemption, the new creation through the Resurrection. Where are we?

We are caught up in the mystery of this same day, the eternal day symbolic of the sabbath of God in the radical meaning of God’s eternal life given and made known to us in Christ, as John says in the Epistle. That is what we are struggling to understand. We are very much, I think, especially in the confusions of our culture of fear and death, with the disciples on the evening of that one and same day. We are behind closed doors. It is a powerful symbol of our human uncertainties and fears. We are behind the closed doors of our minds; buried in ourselves, dead to life. Our minds are like tombs. It is an appropriate image for our culture of fear and death; closed in on ourselves.

Yet, what we are given to see is God opening our minds. How? By appearing in our midst. There is, first, as saw last week the witness of Mary Magdalene finding the empty tomb and running to Peter and John who confirm her finding but revealing their perplexity “for as yet they knew not the Scripture, that he must rise again from the dead.” The second Gospel reading from Mark at Easter (BCP, p. 185) makes this same point: the women coming to the tomb, finding the stone rolled away and “a young man sitting on the right side” of the sepulchre, “clothed in a long white garment.” As Mark puts it, “they were affrighted” or amazed but are told “be not affrighted: ye seek Jesus of Nazareth, which was crucified; he is risen; he is not here: behold the place where they laid him.” It is evidence from absence, the witness of the empty tomb, which is not the same thing as absence of evidence. For there is also the witness of the young man or angel. “He” who was crucified, whose body you seek, “is risen,” they are told. Something has changed. It marks the beginning of the process of learning the radical meaning of the Resurrection. It changes everything but not by negating the realities of the Passion. The Crucifixion and the Resurrection have to be thought together.

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The Octave Day of Easter

The collect for today, The Octave Day of Easter, being The Sunday After Easter Day, from The Book of Common Prayer (Canadian, 1962):

Almighty Father, who hast given thine only Son to die for our sins, and to rise again for our justification; Grant us so to put away the leaven of malice and wickedness, that we may alway serve thee in pureness of living and truth; through the merits of the same thy Son Jesus Christ our Lord. Amen.

The Epistle: 1 St. John 5:4-12
The Gospel: St. John 20:19-23

Pieter Bruegel the Elder, Landscape with Christ Appearing to the Apostles at the Sea of TiberiasArtwork: Pieter Bruegel the Elder, Landscape with Christ Appearing to the Apostles at the Sea of Tiberias, 1553. Oil on panel, Private collection.

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KES Chapel Reflection, Week of 5 April

Be not afraid

“Be not affrighted. Ye seek Jesus of Nazareth, which was crucified: He is risen, he is not here: Behold the place where they laid him.” Mark’s gospel offers simple words that describe the utterly unexpected yet utter reality of human experience. The women come to the tomb of Jesus seeking his body so that they might anoint it with burying spices. They find the stone rolled away from the door of the tomb and “a young man sitting on the right side, dressed in a white robe.” The details are precise. He tells them not to be afraid or amazed and acknowledges why they have come and tells them that “he is risen.” Such is the beginning of the early accounts of the Resurrection. The dominant message is “be not afraid.” Yet, the so-called short ending of Mark’s gospel, ending at verse eight of chapter sixteen, ends with the words: “they were afraid.” Fears ‘r us, too.

Out of the horror and radical injustice of Christ’s Crucifixion comes Resurrection. What does it mean? The Easter accounts of the Resurrection show us the process of learning its meaning, the dawning awareness of the radical life of God made visible in Christ lifted up on the Cross and now lifted out of the grave. “He is risen. He is not here,” the women are told. Something has changed and something changes for them and for us. Be not afraid.

The Resurrection reveals the truth of Christ’s passion. Holy Week in its concentration on the accounts of the passion would be impossible to contemplate apart from the Resurrection which is its underlying truth. To paraphrase Sophocles, “all that we see here is God,” in and through the Passion and Eesurrection of Christ. Heraclitus’ insight that “the way up and the way down are one and the same” provides perhaps a way to enter into this mystery, the radical mystery of life. The way to the principle, to God, and the way from God, is nothing less and nothing more than God himself in his own self-complete motion and life and that motion and life in us. What is new at Easter is the making known of that eternal truth and motion for us and in us. We are allowed to see the process of how that idea and truth is grasped and known and how it sets us in motion towards one another.

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Tuesday in Easter Week

The collect for today, Tuesday in Easter Week, from The Book of Common Prayer (Canadian, 1962):

ALMIGHTY God, who through thine only begotten Son Jesus Christ hast overcome death, and opened unto us the gate of everlasting life: We humbly beseech thee, that as by thy special grace thou dost put into our minds good desires, so by thy continual help we may bring the same to good effect; through Jesus Christ our Lord, who liveth and reigneth with thee and the Holy Spirit, ever one God, world without end. Amen.

The Lesson: Acts 13:26-41
The Gospel: St. Luke 24:36-48

Nikolai Koshelev, The Appearance of Christ to the DisciplesArtwork: Nikolai Koshelev (1840-1918), The Appearance of Christ to the Disciples. Watercolour and pencil, Moscow Theological Academy, Sergiyev Posad, Russia.

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Sermon for Easter Monday

“And I, if I be lifted up will draw all unto me”

The Resurrection appearances of Jesus are a profound illustration of how we are drawn to Christ and into the understanding of the meaning of his Resurrection. Perhaps no story illustrates the logic better than the Road to Emmaus account in Luke’s Gospel. The Risen Christ runs out after us who are running away in fear from Jerusalem. He comes alongside us in our fears and uncertainties. Where there are two there is always a third. Not expecting him because they are engrossed in the immediacy of their griefs and perplexities, Jesus draws out of them what they have experienced or rather what they think has happened. It is wonderfully Socratic. They essentially acknowledge their confusion and unknowing.

Only then does Jesus speak directly to them. “O foolish ones and slow to believe all that the prophets have spoken: ought not the Christ to have suffered these things, and to enter into his glory?” And then “beginning at Moses, and all the prophets, he expounded unto them in all the Scriptures the things concerning himself.” He himself provides the interpretation, the way of understanding the Resurrection, through the witness of “all the Scriptures,” meaning here the TANAKH, the acronym for the Torah, the Prophets (Nevi’im) and the Writings (Ketuvim), the categories which comprise the Hebrew Scriptures and which Christians later, starting in the late second century will call the Old Testament. At this point, there is simply the Scriptures. Luke makes that reference explicit later in the same last chapter of his Gospel, naming the Law of Moses (Torah), the prophets (Nevi’im) and the psalms, the latter are a central feature of the Ketuvim, the writings.

But the way of understanding is more than words spoken; it is also words enacted. It is in the breaking of the bread “while he sat at meat with them that their eyes were opened and they knew him.” Word and action, Word and Sacrament, The Word spoken and the Word in motion. They remember the Passover supper on the night of his betrayal. It crystallizes for them the way of understanding; he carried himself in his own hands, lifting up the bread and wine of the Passover as his body and blood even as he was lifted up before them on the Cross. The events of the past are drawn into the eternal presence of God with us.

No story illustrates the real power of education better. The teaching of Word spoken and Word in motion changes them from fear to courageous witness. The change in them is wonderfully expressed by Luke: “ Did not our heart burn within us, while he talked with us by the way, and while he opened to us the Scriptures?” The change within them leads to motion and action for them. “They rose up the same hour, and returned to Jerusalem” and to the eleven disciples. They return to the place of their fears and confusion as witnesses to the radical truth of the Resurrection. As Luke so simply and yet so eloquently puts it, they told what things were done in the way, and how he was known of them them in the breaking of the bread.” Is this not exactly what we hope for ourselves in and through the Liturgy? The deepening of our faith into understanding changes us from fear to faith. Thus we are drawn into the mystery of Christ lifted up on the Cross and in the lifting of the veil of the Scriptures by Christ himself.

“And I, If I be lifted up will draw all unto me.”

Fr. David Curry
Easter Monday, 2024

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2024 Holy Week and Easter homilies

Fr. David Curry has collected his Holy Week and Easter meditations and homilies, based on the scripture text, “And I, if I be lifted up from the earth, will draw all men unto me” into a single pdf document. Click here to download “And I, if I be lifted up from the earth, will draw all men unto me”. These homilies were originally delivered and posted earlier this week on Palm Sunday through Easter Day.

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